The Malmquist Total Factor Productivity Index
基于Caves等人定义的Malmquist产出和投入数量指数，推导出适用于一般生产结构的Malmquist全要素生产率指数，解决了传统定义在规模报酬变化时无法正确衡量生产率变化的问题。
The definitions of the Malmquist output and input quantity indexes specified by D. W. Caves, L. R. Christensen, and W. E. Diewert (1982) are applied in this study. Based on these indexes, a 'Malmquist total factor productivity index' is derived for general production structures. The definition maintains the fundamental characteristic of a productivity index as a ratio between an output quantity change index and an input quantity change index. This index provides a remedy for the shortcoming of the traditional definition of the Malmquist productivity index in that the latter does not correctly measure changes in productivity in the presence of changes in returns to scale. Copyright 1996 by The editors of the Scandinavian Journal of Economics.