Assessing the Viability of Marketable Permit Systems: An Application in Hazardous Waste Management
评估了经济激励在污染控制中的效果，发现灵活应对能节约成本，但行业可能反对无初始分配的许可证方案，需调整以获支持。
An assessment of the use of economic incentives for pollution control first evaluates a strategy that allows flexible response by firms in terms of efficiency benefits, then examines the distribution of cost savings among types of firms in order to determine the political pressure industry will exert in response to proposals for marketable permit schemes. The case of a Rhode Island jewelry industry supports the concept of cost savings through flexible response. However, industry will likely oppose a scheme with no initial allocation of permits because larger firms have already invested in pollution control technology to meet existing standards. It may be necessary to modify the permit system to gain industry support. 12 references, 6 tables.