Source and Patterns of Organizational Defiance of Formal Institutions: Insights from Nollywood, the N igerian Movie Industry
研究组织为何在正式制度存在时采用非正式规则，以及违抗模式如何因组织而异，基于对尼日利亚电影产业四家组织的深入分析，发现正式制度的模糊性是主要来源，而组织的嵌入领域调节了这种关系。
We extend research on informal economic activity and investigate why organizations adopt informal rules when formal ones exist and how and why patterns of defiance vary across organizations. We build on data from an in‐depth study of four organizations operating in the N igerian movie industry. We identify ambiguity of formal institutions as a major source of organizational defiance. We also find that the organization's domain of embeddedness mediates the relationship between institutional ambiguity and organizational defiance. According to our analysis, the rationale for organizing propelled by the dominant domain of embeddedness affects whether organizations consistently or selectively defy ambiguous formal rules. Our findings highlight the importance of the interplay between institutional and organizational dynamics in understanding informality within an economy. Copyright © 2014 Strategic Management Society.