The Work-Employment Distinction among New Mothers
利用1979-1988年美国CPS数据，研究新妈妈在产后一年内的就业、实际工作和产假决定因素，发现市场技能越高的女性越可能就业和工作，且工作对生育的反应比就业更敏感。
CPS data for 1979 to 1988 are used to examine the determinants of employment, actual work, and maternity leave for women in the year following childbirth. Women with better market skills (higher expected wages, older, more education) are more likely than other new mothers to have a job and to work. Among employed women, paid leave is also positively related to market skills. Work responds to childbirth more than employment does, with the greatest differences in the first three months following childbirth. Therefore, most women working when their child was one year old had returned to work within three months of childbirth.