Child Auctions in Nineteenth Century Sweden: An Analysis of Price Differences
利用601场拍卖数据，研究十九世纪瑞典贫困或孤儿儿童被寄养时的价格差异，发现儿童特征（如年龄、健康状况）显著影响价格，而体弱多病者往往被分配给最贫困的非财产所有者。
During the nineteenth century, destitute and/or orphan Swedish children were boarded out as a part of that time's public assistance. The families to which they were allocated were determined by means of English auctions. This paper studies the price differences among such children using empirical data from 601 auctions. Price is regressed on variables related both to the buyer and to the child. The results suggest that variables related to the children's characteristics were important and that the willingness to take a poor or orphan child was dependent on the foster parents' uses for a child in the household. Children, who were old enough to be used as shepherd boys or girls, were easily placed. It was worse with those who were feeble, incapacitated, blind, sick, mentally deranged, or confined to their beds. They were useless to farmers and others. As a rule, the most miserable were boarded out to the poorest of the non-property owners. Julius Ejdestam (1969), The Poor's Sweden (my translation)