Fighting Corruption in Education: What Works and Who Benefits?
研究了罗马尼亚高考中引入监控和惩罚措施打击腐败的效果，发现虽然减少了腐败，但加剧了贫困与非贫困学生之间的分数差距，降低了贫困学生进入精英大学的机会。
We investigate the distributional consequences of a corruption-fighting initiative in Romania targeting the endemic fraud in a high-stakes high school exit exam, which introduced CCTV monitoring of the exam and credible punishment threats for teachers and students. We find that the campaign was effective in reducing corruption and, in particular, that monitoring increased the effectiveness of the punishment threats. Estimating the heterogeneous impact for students of different poverty status we show that curbing corruption led to a worrisome score gap increase between poor and non-poor students. Consequently, the poor students have reduced chances to enter an elite university.