A General Equilibrium Model of Agricultural Trade: An Intertemporal Optimizing Approach with Implications for Tariffication
构建了一个理论模型，使宏观经济表现与理性个体的优化行为一致，并探讨了将贸易壁垒转化为关税的可行性，发现关税与非关税壁垒不等价，且预期会短期影响美国农产品出口。
The paper develops a theoretical model such that the performance of the macroeconomy is consistent with optimizing the behavior of rational individuals. It demonstrates that, in principle, it is possible to convert existing trade barriers into tariffs by using the price-gap method. In practice, however, tariff and nontariff barriers are not equivalent; replacing policies that result in a price gap of x percent with a tariff of x percent will generally yield different trade volumes. U.S. farm exports will initially decline in anticipation of a reduction in foreign trade barriers. Current demand for U.S. agricultural exports is likely to decline as rational agents in the foreign agricultural sector reduce current storage and demand increase current production in anticipation of a decline in their domestic prices. U.S. export performance will improve once trade restrictions are actually reduced.