Mandates, Tax Credits, and Tariffs: Does the U.S. Biofuels Industry Need Them All?
研究了美国可再生燃料标准下的强制令、税收抵免和乙醇进口关税对生物燃料生产者的实际影响，发现强制令已提供足够市场保障，税收抵免和关税的额外收益有限。
Expanded mandates under the Renewable Fuel Standard provide ethanol and biodiesel producers a guaranteed future market at volumes that exceed what they have produced in the past. Despite having these mandates in place, biofuel producers continue to support tax credits and ethanol import tariffs. An examination of how the new mandates will be implemented shows that biofuel producers will receive little or no additional benefit from tax credits. Ethanol import tariffs will continue to provide U.S. corn ethanol producers a cost advantage over imported Brazilian sugarcane ethanol until at least 2013 when the demand for sugarcane ethanol to meet the noncellulosic advanced biofuel mandate starts to increase.