The Probability of Receiving Benefits at Different Hours of Work
基于1991年美国青年纵向调查数据，研究发现每周工作35小时的人中50%无法通过雇主获得福利或健康保险；女性每周工作39小时获得医疗福利的概率为76%，男性工作43小时为72%；工作时间越长获得福利的概率越高，但培训情况除外。
This study finds that in probit equations 50% of people working 35 hours per week in the US will not be offered benefits or health insurance through their employers to replace services received while on welfare. Women with an average of 39 hours of work per week have an average 76% probability of being offered medical benefits (as one of three example options) while men working an average of 43 hours per week have on average a 72% probability of being offered medical benefits. The probability of being offered medical insurance life insurance and retirement benefits is slightly over 20% for working 35 hours per week. Although women have a slightly higher probability of being offered all the benefits individuals with children have a lower probability of being offered all the benefits which is not significant for medical insurance retirement or flexible work schedules. Individuals working for large firms have a greater probability of being offered benefits excluding flexible scheduling and profit sharing. Working longer hours increases the probability of receiving benefits except in training situations. Higher wages are found in the three stage least squares estimation in reduced form equation to be related to more work experience higher aptitude test scores residence in a standard metropolitan statistical area work at larger firms more work hours per week and not being single. Data are obtained from the 1991 US National Longitudinal Survey of Labor Market Experience of Youth among 1988 persons 26-34 years old who worked and were paid an hourly wage. Persons in the sample earned an average of $9.00 per hour and worked slightly more than 41 hours per week. 33% were Black 20% Hispanic and slightly under 50% were female. About 60% had a child under 6 years old. The average firm size was 5205 employees.