The National Rise in Residential Segregation
利用完整的人口普查手稿文件，通过邻居种族相似性构建新隔离指标，发现1880-1940年间全国隔离翻倍，南方城市隔离最高，且隔离上升主要由家庭层面的种族分类加剧驱动。
Exploiting complete census manuscript files, we derive a new segregation measure using the racial similarity of next-door neighbors. The fineness of our measure reveals new facts not captured by traditional segregation indices. First, segregation doubled nationally from 1880 to 1940. Second, contrary to prior estimates, Southern urban areas were the most segregated in the country and remained so over time. Third, increasing segregation in the twentieth century was not strictly driven by urbanization, black migration, or white flight: it resulted from increasing racial sorting at the household level. In all areas—North and South, urban and rural—segregation increased dramatically.