Careers in Ongoing Hierarchies
分析企业如何在培训筛选经理与生产效率之间权衡，导致随机裁员、横向流动、晋升、不同收入轨迹、快速通道和“非升即走”规则。
The probability that an unskilled worker can be successfully trained or screened to be a manager depends on the effort of the firm. With positive hiring costs, a firm prefers to train/screen its own managers. However, the optimal size of the firm for productive efficiency may conflict with efficient managerial husbandry. How a firm copes with the above constraint generates stochastic layoffs, lateral mobility, promotions, diverse earnings profiles, fast-track jobs, and up-or-out rules. Copyright 1994 by American Economic Association.