A Social Exchange Approach to Voluntary Cooperation
提出自愿合作行为受社会认可（一种情感活动）驱动，其纳什均衡具有福利性质并解释规范自发形成，同时发现市场或政府干预会削弱自愿合作。
A social exchange approach to voluntary cooperation is developed on the assumption that voluntary cooperative behavior is motivated by social approval, which is conceptualized as an emotional activity. The associated unique Nash equilibrium may have attractive welfare properties and provides an understanding of spontaneous norm emergence. Furthermore, the opening of a market or government intervention for the collective good is shown to affect voluntary cooperation negatively. Copyright 1990 by American Economic Association.