The Prevalence and Determinants of Social Entrepreneurship at the Macro Level
基于49国数据，研究影响一国社会创业企业占创业总数比例的因素，发现公共支出和监管质量等制度环境以及自我表达价值观有利于社会创业发展。
The present cross-national study aims to explore the factors that are associated with a country's share of social start-ups in the total number of start-ups and contributes to the emerging stream of literature that explores the contextual drivers of different types of entrepreneurship. Based on data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) 2009, covering 49 countries, we test several theoretical perspectives, including the failure thesis/institutional void perspective, the interdependence theory/institutional support perspective, welfare state theory and supply-side theory. Multiple regression analyses are applied testing the influence of institutional factors and cultural values on the incidence of social entrepreneurial start-ups relative to other types of start-ups. Our results seem to support the institutional support perspective: the share of social start-ups in all start-ups seems to benefit from favorable institutional circumstances, in particular public sector expenditure and regulatory quality. With respect to cultural values, our results suggest that a society's level of self-expression values benefits start-up diversity in favor of a higher share of social start-ups.