The Impact of Equal Opportunity Policy on Sex Differentials in Earnings and Occupations
分析1970年代美国联邦平等机会政策（EEO）如何通过影响劳动力供需两侧，促进女性进入非传统职业，并估计政策对收入性别差异和职业隔离的直接与间接效应。
Women began to enter nontraditional occupations at an increasing rate at the same time federal equal opportunity policy was strengthened. In 1972, equal employment opportunity (EEO) policy was strengthened and expanded, and equal opportunity in education became federal policy for the first time. These policies constitute a two-pronged attack on sex discrimination because they address impediments to mobility on both the demand and supply sides of the labor market. Together, they should increase women's access to nontraditional jobs and to the skills necessary to perform them. During the 1970's, women made occupational gains that are concentrated disproportionately in the white-collar occupations. One explanation for this is that the impact of federal equal opportunity policy differs across schooling levels. In Section I, I discuss federal equal opportunity policy. Section II contains empirical evidence on the direct effects of EEO policy on sex differentials in earnings and occupational segregation by sex. Section III presents estimates of changes in the effect of schooling on women's entry into nontraditional occupations during the 1970's, and attempts to determine what portion may be due to equal educational opportunity policy and to indirect effects of EEO policy.