Pre‐Reformation Roots of the Protestant Ethic
研究提出马克斯·韦伯所强调的勤奋节俭的新教伦理其实源于天主教西多会，并发现历史上西多会修道院所在的英国郡县从13世纪起生产力增长更快，且这种文化影响在修道院解散后仍持续，在欧洲其他地区也有类似证据。
We hypothesize that cultural appreciation of hard work and thrift, the Protestant ethic according \nto Max Weber, had a pre-Reformation origin. The proximate source of these values was, according to \nthe proposed theory, the Catholic Order of Cistercians. In support, we first document an impact from \nthe Order on growth within the epicenter of the industrial revolution; English counties that were more \nexposed to Cistercian monasteries experienced faster productivity growth from the 13th century onwards. \nConsistent with a cultural influence, this impact is also found after the monasteries were dissolved in the \n1530s. Second, we find that the values emphasized by Weber are relatively more pervasive in European \nregions where Cistercian monasteries were located historically, and that the legacy of the Cistercians can \nbe detected in present-day employment rates across European sub-regions.