Japanese Agriculture Trade Reform
日本是全球最大的农产品进口国，但其农业进口限制比任何其他OECD国家都严格。本文分析了日本使用的数量限制、关税和国内补贴等保护措施，并给出了1986年国内谷物和畜牧产品价格高于世界价格的幅度。
Japan is the world's largest importer of agricultural products. Even so, agricultural imports in Japan are more restricted than any other OECD country. Many of the instruments used by the Japanese to protect the agricultural sector fall under the general heading of quantitative restrictions; these included quotas and – to a lesser extent – import tariffs and domestic subsidies to farm inputs. As a result of border protection measures, domestic producer prices for Japanese grains in 1986 were an average 420 percent above world prices (Vincent, 1989). The corresponding margin for livestock products averaged 116 percent.