From causes to conditions in group research
提出群体研究应从因果模型转向关注条件，探讨群体如何自主规划路径，为管理者和研究者提供新思路。
Summary It is time to move beyond standard conceptual and research paradigms in scientific work on group behavior and performance to better align our models and methods with the phenomena we are studying. Cause–effect models are of limited use in conducting research and generating useable theory about group behavior and performance. This paper proposes and illustrates an alternative conceptual approach that focuses on the conditions within which groups chart their own courses. The paper suggests three implications of a condition‐focused approach for those who create, lead, and serve in purposive groups, and closes with a discussion of the conceptual challenges that must be overcome if the potential of a condition‐focused approach is to be realized. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.