The Effect of Criminal Conviction on Income and the Trust "Reposed in the Workmen"
利用联邦罪犯面板数据，发现首次定罪使就业概率降低5个百分点，收入最多下降30%，尤其对需要信任的工作或入狱者影响更大。
Using panel data on federal offenders we examine the effects of conviction on offenders' employment and income. First-time conviction reduces employment probabilities by 5 percentage points and has a significantly depressing effect on income (as much as -30 percent), especially for offenders whose pre-conviction jobs apparently require trust or who are sent to prison. Significant conviction effects on income are large compared with state-imposed penalties.