MINING SURPLUS: MODELING JAMES A. SCHMITZ'S LINK BETWEEN COMPETITION AND PRODUCTIVITY
将施密茨关于铁矿石行业竞争加剧导致生产率上升的案例形式化为一个机制模型，解释了竞争如何通过改变工会工作规则来提升生产率。
Abstract James A. Schmitz documents, in a well‐known case study ( Journal of Political Economy 113 (2005), 582–625), a dramatic rise in productivity in the American and Canadian iron‐ore industry following an increase in competition from Brazil. Prior to the increased competition, the industry was not competitive. Economic profits were divided between business and unions. Schmitz attributes the increase in productivity to a change in work practices in the industry, as old negotiated union work rules were abandoned or modified. This research formalizes a mechanism through which a rise in competition can lead to increased productivity in the iron‐ore industry.