A Note on Optimal Fines When Wealth Varies Among Individuals
指出，当个体财富水平不同时，最优罚款通常低于最高财富者的财富，甚至可能低于大多数人的财富，从而修正了传统理论中罚款应尽可能高的结论。
An important result in the economic theory of enforcement is that, under certain circumstances, it is optimal for a fine to be as high as possible - to equal the entire wealth of individuals. Such a fine allows the probability of detection to be as low as possible, thereby saving enforcement costs. This note shows that when the level of wealth varies among individuals, the optimal fine generally is less than the wealth of the highest wealth individuals, and may well be less than the wealth of most individuals.