INFERENCE BASED ON ALTERNATIVE BOOTSTRAPPING METHODS IN SPATIAL MODELS WITH AN APPLICATION TO COUNTY INCOME GROWTH IN THE UNITED STATES*
研究1990-2005年美国本土48州县级收入增长，用两阶段空间误差模型和多种空间自助法处理内生性，发现户外休闲和自然禀赋促进农村增长，人口密集农村增长更强，财产税与增长负相关，且总量与人均收入增长差异大。
This study examines aggregate county income growth across the 48 contiguous states from 1990 to 2005. To control for endogeneity we estimate a two-stage spatial error model and infer parameter significance by implementing a number of spatial bootstrap algorithms. We find that outdoor recreation and natural amenities favor positive growth in rural counties, densely populated rural areas enjoy stronger growth, and property taxes correlate negatively with rural growth. We also compare estimates from the aggregate county income growth model with per capita income growth and find that these two growth processes can be quite different.