Explaining entrepreneurial performance of solo self-employed from a motivational perspective
利用荷兰单人自雇者的面板数据，研究发现生存型创业者的绩效低于机会型创业者，但仅少数生存型创业者处于不稳定就业状态，表明两者界限可能比以往认为的更模糊。
This paper investigates the relationship between start-up motivation (opportunity versus necessity) and entrepreneurial performance of an important subset of entrepreneurs, viz., the solo self-employed. We use a unique individual-level panel data set of solo self-employed in the Netherlands (2010–2011) and construct three separate measures derived from the literature to identify necessity-driven solo self-employment. Using annual turnover as measure of entrepreneurial performance, we consistently find that necessity-driven solo self-employed perform worse than opportunity-driven solo self-employed. Still, only a low proportion of necessity solo self-employment may be considered precarious employment, suggesting necessity entrepreneurship is not so worrisome as sometimes assumed. In general, our findings suggest that the borderline between necessity and opportunity entrepreneurship in developed economies may be less clear-cut than previously assumed.