Marketing, cooperatives and price heterogeneity: evidence from the CIS dairy sector
基于亚美尼亚、摩尔多瓦和乌克兰的调查数据，研究影响牛奶收购价格的因素，发现合作社、规模、信任和合同对价格有正向作用。
Abstract Drawing on survey data, this article identifies the determinants of variations in farm gate milk prices for three CIS countries (Armenia, Moldova, and Ukraine). We apply a multi‐level modeling approach, specifically a bootstrapped mixed‐effects linear regression model. The analysis suggests three main strategies to improve the price received by farmers for their output: consolidation , competition for output, and stable supply chain relationships . In Armenia and Ukraine selling through a marketing cooperative has a significant, positive, albeit modest, effect on farm gate milk prices. In all three countries studied, the size of dairy operations, trust, and contracting also affect positively the prices received by farmers.