Alternative Programs for Income Redistribution: The NIT and the NWT
比较了负所得税和负工资税两种收入再分配方案，重点分析它们对劳动力市场的总体影响，包括劳动供给效应和经济效率条件。
Economists have devoted considerable attention to the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the negative income tax (NIT) as a mechanism for income redistribution. Surprisingly little attention has been given to any significantly different alternative to the NIT most analyses simply compare one variant of the NIT to another. But recently several writers have suggested that a form of wage subsidy offers significant advantages over the NIT.1 This paper is an attempt to provide a more complete comparision of these two forms of transfer programs with an emphasis on the aggregate labor market consequences. Needless to say, no attempt is made to consider all repercussions of these policies. Instead, emphasis is focused on labor supply effects and related conditions for economic efficiency. Section I is an analysis of the effects of implementing a NIT when no other transfer programs are present. Section II is a similar analysis for a form of wage subsidy which will be referred to as the negative wage tax, or NWT. Section III uses the analysis of the preceding sections to provide a comparison of the NIT and NWT on two counts: their incidence and welfare cost.