Structural Change in Factor Substitution in Finnish Manufacturing
研究了芬兰制造业中能源与非能源要素替代关系的结构变化，发现1974年能源危机后多数投入对之间的替代性增强。
The possibility of structural change in Finnish factor substitution relations between energy and nonenergy factors is analyzed. The standard generalized Leontief KLEMF cost function is modified so that the substitution parameters related to electricity and fuel factors may shift to new levels over time. The initial point of transition is 1974, during which the first energy crises took place. Likelihood ratio tests confirm that there has indeed been a statistically significant change in energy versus nonenergy substitution. Our estimates imply stronger substitutability for most input pairs after the energy crisis.