Science, R&D, And Invention Potential Recharge: U.S. Evidence
利用1961-1986年美国14个研发行业的面板数据，发现学术科学对产业研发的弹性约为0.6，但该弹性从1961-1973年的2.2下降到1974-1986年的0.5，原因包括发明潜力的外生和内生枯竭以及知识产权弱化导致的研发激励下降。
The influence of academic science on industrial R&D seems to have increased in recent years compared with the pre-World War II period. This paper outlines an approach to tracing this influence using a panel of 14 R&D performing industries from 1961-1986. The results indicate an elasticity between real R&D and indicators of stocks of academic science of about 0.6. This elasticity is significant controlling for industry effects. However, the elasticity declines from its level during the 1961-1973 subperiod, when it was 2.2, to 0.5 during the 1974-1986 subperiod. Reasons for the decline include exogenous and endogenous exhaustion of invention potential, and declining incentives to do R&D stemming from a weakening of intellectual property rights. The growth of R&D since the mid-1980s suggests a restoration of R&D incentives in still more recent times.