Induced technical change in centrally planned economies
检验诱导技术变革假说在中央计划经济中的适用性，发现技术变革偏向机械而非生物技术，与要素禀赋无关，符合这些经济体偏好资本密集型发展的政策倾向。
Abstract It has generally been assumed that the inferences of the induced technical change model with respect to the direction of technical change could not be expected to hold for the centrally planned economies. In this paper we test three hypotheses generated from the induced technical change hypotheses against the experience of centrally planned economies: (a) if land becomes increasingly scarce new technology will be biased in a land‐saving direction; (b) if labor becomes increasingly scarce new technology will be biased in a labor‐saving direction; and (c) changes in the land‐labor ratio have been induced by changes in relative factor endowments. The results suggest a bias toward mechanical and against biological technology regardless of factor endowments. This is consistent with the well known ideological or policy bias in a number of centrally planned economies toward a capital‐intensive development strategy.