Innovation by Operating Practices in Project Alliances - When Size Matters
研究了166个项目联盟中正式和涌现运营实践对创新绩效的影响，发现涌现实践对大小企业都有益，而正式实践只提升小企业创新，对大企业反而有害。
Project alliances offer firms an opportunity to increase innovation performance through the flexible combination of specialized competencies across firms. Inspired by internal project management I classify two metrics of project alliances: formal and emergent operating practices. This study of 166 project alliances analyses the innovation performance impact of those practices. I find that emergent operating practices improve planned and serendipitous innovation regardless of a firm's size. After a classification of two groups, small and large firms, I find that firm size moderates the effect of formal operating practices. Results show that small firms can improve their innovation performance by formal operating practices. Instead, large firms will face performance reductions on planned innovation when implementing formal operating practices.