Gender and Life-Cycle Differentials in the Patterns and Determinants of Adult Health
研究发展中国家成人健康的社会经济决定因素，发现女性比男性更早报告更多健康问题，且教育对健康有正向影响但随年龄消失，生命周期效应显著且性别差异明显。
This study investigates the socioeconomic determinants of adult ill-health in developing countries. The authors use as measures of health self-reported general health plus a variety of measures of problems in physical functioning. The authors begin by comparing measures of adult ill-health in 4 countries: Bangladesh Jamaica Malaysia and the US. finding that women report more problems and at earlier ages than do men; this despite the greater longevity of women. They examine the sensitivity of these gender differentials to mortality selection and find that while accounting for this does cut down the differentials they remain. The authors discuss potential reasons for these findings and then examine in more detail the Jamaican data. They formulate and estimate a reduced form economic model focusing on the effect of education. They find strong positive effects of own education on health mirroring results commonly found in the child health literature. At older ages however the education differential disappears. Per capita household expenditure treated as endogenous is added to the model to attempt to control for long run income. It is not found to affect adult female health but limited evidence is found for an effect on males. Strong residential effects exist although the factors behind it remain to be investigated. The most robust finding is that even controlling for socioeconomic covariates strong life-cycle effects exist and are different for men and women. Controlling for these factors women still report more health problems at earlier ages than do men. (authors)