International Trade and Collective Bargaining Outcomes: Evidence from German Employer–Employee Data
利用德国1996-2007年雇主-雇员数据，研究发现出口密集度更高的企业或更开放的行业中，租金分享效应较弱，且出口工资溢价在低生产率企业中最高，这些现象仅存在于有集体谈判的工厂中。
Abstract In theoretical trade models with variable mark‐ups and collective wage bargaining, exposure to international markets might reduce the exporter wage premium. We test this prediction using linked German employer–employee data covering the years 1996–2007. To separate the rent‐sharing mechanism from assortative matching, we exploit individual worker information to construct profitability measures that are free of skill composition. Our results show that rent‐sharing is less pronounced in more export‐intensive firms or in more open industries. The exporter wage premium is highest for low‐productivity firms. In line with theory, these findings are unique to the subsample of plants covered by collective bargaining.