Trade policy options for the Asia-Pacific region in the 1990s : the potential of open regionalism
探讨亚太决策者在乌拉圭回合后如何通过APEC的开放区域主义推动全球贸易自由化，而非形成封闭贸易集团，适合关注区域经济合作与贸易政策的学者。
At the end of the Uruguay Round, AsiaPacific decision makers need to select trade policy options that will advance, rather than detract from, the region's overriding interest in more open global trading system. The new process of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), launched in Australia in 1989, provides the first opportunity for regional Ministers to meet regularly to identify these options and to foster the cohesion and trust needed for their progressive implementation. APEC's 12 original participants (the six members of ASEAN, the United States, Canada, Japan, Korea, Australia, and New Zealand) were joined by China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan in 1991. This diverse, but correspondingly complementary group of economies accounts for more than half of world GDP and almost 40 percent of world trade. Close to 65 percent of their exports are to each other; this is higher than the corresponding share for the European Community (EC). APEC's guiding principles, built on the intellectual foundations laid by the Pacific Economic Cooperation Conference (PECC) since 1980, stipulate that cooperation should be outward-looking, building consensus on gradually broader range of economic issues. Participation is to be open-ended, based on the strength of economic linkages; Mexico is the likely next participant. Regional trade liberalization is to be promoted, provided it is consistent with GATT principles and notto the detriment of other economies. The last of these principles is unique. For the first time, powerful regional group of economies has come together to promote global economic interests, rather than to defend their own narrower markets by forming trading bloc. APEC's concept of open regionalism is radically different from the discriminatory nature of the EC.' APEC was launched too late to exert real influence on the Uruguay Round, but as its perception of common interests develops, APEC can become increasingly effective in shaping the global economic agenda. By bridging the Pacific, APEC can provide nonconfrontational, high-level forum to identify the strong common global economic interests of East Asia and North America. APEC can also provide a convenient regional framework within which Japan can move towards position of shared policy leadership with the United States, in buttressing and extending the GATT-based trade regime (Peter Drysdale, 1991 p. 6).