Extreme Weather Events, Mortality, and Migration
利用高频数据估计极端天气对美国预期寿命的影响，发现极端高温和低温都会导致死亡率立即上升，但低温的影响更持久；每年约0.8%的死亡归因于低温，而人口从东北部向西南部的迁移贡献了美国过去三十年预期寿命增长的4%至7%。
We estimate the effect of extreme weather on life expectancy in the United States. Using high-frequency data, we find that both extreme heat and cold result in immediate increases in mortality. The increase in mortality following extreme heat appears mostly driven by near-term displacement, while the increase in mortality following extreme cold is long lasting. We estimate that the number of annual deaths attributable to cold temperature is 0.8% of average annual deaths in our sample. The longevity gains associated with mobility from the Northeast to the Southwest account for 4% to 7% of the total gains in life expectancy experienced by the U.S. population over the past thirty years. Copyright by the President and Fellows of Harvard College and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.