Consistent Nonparametric Tests for Lorenz Dominance
提出了一致非参数方法检验两组福利变量（如收入或消费）的洛伦兹曲线是否占优，适用于独立样本或同一组个体的不同福利指标，并通过蒙特卡洛模拟和实证分析验证了方法表现。
This article proposes consistent nonparametric methods for testing the null hypothesis of Lorenz dominance. The methods are based on a class of statistical functionals defined over the difference between the Lorenz curves for two samples of welfare-related variables. We present two specific test statistics belonging to the general class and derive their asymptotic properties. As the limiting distributions of the test statistics are nonstandard, we propose and justify bootstrap methods of inference. We provide methods appropriate for case where the two samples are independent as well as the case where the two samples represent different measures of welfare for one set of individuals. The small sample performance of the two tests is examined and compared in the context of a Monte Carlo study and an empirical analysis of income and consumption inequality.