Gender Differences in Physician Pay
分析医生性别收入差距中家庭责任的作用，发现女医生因结婚和生育导致收入下降，且工时减少是主因，而非逆向选择。
Abstract This paper analyzes how much of the gender earnings gap among physicians is due to women's greater family responsibilities. Women physicians earn 11 percent less for being married plus 14 percent less for having one child and 22 percent less for having more than one child. Before marrying/having children, women physicians who later became wives or mothers had higher earnings than those who remained single and childless, but sharply reduced their hours of work after marrying/having children. The results suggest that these earnings gaps do not reflect adverse selection but rather individual choices given time constraints imposed by family responsibilities.