The Demand for Spatially Complementary National Parks
利用美国国家公园年度访问量面板数据，通过空间滞后模型分析公园间的互补性需求，发现燃料成本上升、温度升高超过3华氏度及外国旅游限制会降低访问量，进而减少旅游支出、就业和收入。
Using a panel dataset on annual visits to each U.S. national park, we empirically analyze the demand for these parks using a spatial lag model, which accounts for the complementary nature of the parks. Our results suggest that increases in fuel costs, temperature increases of greater than 3 °F, and restrictions on foreign tourism all lower visitation to U.S. national parks, causing associated decreases in money spent by tourists, jobs created, and income generated. These results can also be used to analyze the possible implications of proposed public policies, such as international visa requirements, gas taxes, and carbon taxing/trading. <i></i>