Targeting Green Payments under a Budget Constraint
研究发现，在预算有限时，最优补贴率不仅要考虑企业排放的边际损害，还应针对减排成本、收入转移和生产者参与等因素进行差异化设计，且实施方式（如减排基准的定义）会影响这些因素的权重。
Conventional wisdom holds that optimal abatement subsidy rates should be differentiated across firms according to the (actual or imputed) marginal damages created by a firm’s emissions. When subsidy rates are developed under a limited budget, we find they may be optimally differentiated to target, in addition to marginal damages, features such as abatement costs, income transfer, and producer participation. The degree to which subsidy rates optimally target these other features depends on how the subsidy is implemented, or more specifically, on how benchmarks for pollution abatement are defined. The results provide insight into current policy debates.