Defence and the environment: the impacts of military live firing in national parks
研究了国家公园内军事实弹射击引发的环境冲突，指出土地需求与公园地位需更公开辩论，并探讨了保护、经济收益与机会成本等政策问题。
Environmental conflict caused by live firing in national parks is unlikely to be resolved until the need for land and the status of the parks are more openly debated. Live firing conflicts with access and detracts from the quality of experience offered by wild countryside. Impacts on conservation are complex because there is some "protection" from other damaging land uses. Training brings local economic benefits, but opportunity costs arise from constraints on other developments. Though it is impossible to quantify these impacts, their identification raises important policy questions, including the possibility of an environmental tax on inappropriate use of national parks. Copyright 1990 by Oxford University Press.