Is there a Gender Bias in the Use of Foreign Languages in Europe?
研究评估了北欧和南欧六国职场中使用主要外语对男女工资的影响，发现男女均享有工资溢价，但南北欧差异显著。
Summary The process of globalization has forced workers (essentially white collars) to learn foreign languages and break linguistic barriers. In most cases, E uropeans have chosen E nglish as a second language. But E nglish is not the only language that has an economic impact on international trade. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effect of the most important foreign languages used at the workplace on wages of men and women, both at the mean and along the wage distribution, in N orthern and S outhern E urope ( D enmark, F inland, F rance, G ermany, I taly and S pain). Workers from both genders benefit from a premium, but there are marked differences between N orth E uropean and S outh E uropean countries.