The Black Man's Burden: The Cost of Colonization of French West Africa
研究法国殖民法属西非的财政成本，发现法国纳税人仅承担了法国年度支出的0.29%，而非洲纳税人却承受了沉重负担，因为法国官员的薪水占用了大量地方支出。
Was colonization costly for France? Did French taxpayers contribute to colonies’ development? This article reveals that French West Africa's colonization took only 0.29 percent of French annual expenditures, including 0.24 percent for military and central administration and 0.05 percent for French West Africa's development. For West Africans, the contribution from French taxpayers was almost negligible: mainland France provided about 2 percent of French West Africa's revenue. In fact, colonization was a considerable burden for African taxpayers since French civil servants’ salaries absorbed a disproportionate share of local expenditures.