Richard Kahn: his welfare economics and lifetime achievement
回顾了卡恩在福利经济学中的创新，特别是他1935年关于理想产出的工作，以及他1931年对凯恩斯收入乘数范式的预见，适合对经济思想史和福利理论感兴趣的读者。
Kahn's principal novelty for welfare economics came in his 1935 work on Ideal Output. Marshall and Pigou had argued, somewhat confusedly, that industries with more than average increasing costs should be contracted by taxation, so that revenue collected could expand by subsidization of industries with less than average increasing costs. In the Robinson-Chamberlin era of recognizing deviations from perfect competition, Kahn gave a new and parallel argument. Expand by subsidy industries with more than average price-and-marginal cost deviations, while contracting by taxation industries with less than average such deviation. A. P. Lerner, presuming feasibility of perfect lump-sum taxes, showed Kahn's equilibrium not to be (what is today called) Pareto-optimal. Earlier, Frank Ramsey had shown that, under feasible excise-taxing neither Lerner nor Kahn achieve the optimum. Even more lasting than Kahn's welfare contribution was his 1931 anticipation of Keynes's 1936 income-multiplier paradigm. (c) 1994 Academic Press, Inc. Copyright 1994 by Oxford University Press.