Combining “real effort” with induced effort costs: the ball-catching task
介绍一种新型计算机化任务“接球任务”，它结合了真实动作与诱导努力成本，允许研究者操控成本和生产函数，实验发现其努力供给预测准确，且经典实验结果与纯诱导值实验一致，适合理论检验和应用。
We introduce the "ball-catching task", a novel computerized task, which combines a tangible action ("catching balls") with induced material cost of effort. The central feature of the ball-catching task is that it allows researchers to manipulate the cost of effort function as well as the production function, which permits quantitative predictions on effort provision. In an experiment with piece-rate incentives we find that the comparative static and the point predictions on effort provision are remarkably accurate. We also present experimental findings from three classic experiments, namely, team production, gift exchange and tournament, using the task. All of the results are closely in line with the stylized facts from experiments using purely induced values. We conclude that the ball-catching task combines the advantages of real effort tasks with the use of induced values, which is useful for theory-testing purposes as well as for applications.