Labor Utilization and Nonwage Labor Costs in a Disequilibrium Macro Framework
将劳动力利用和非工资劳动成本纳入宏观非均衡模型，基于“平滑加总”原则扩展了Sneessens-Dreze模型，将就业与工时作为独立投入，发现忽略劳动力利用和劳动成本非线性结构会导致模拟结果显著偏差。
The literature on labor utilization and nonwage labor costs is extended to incorporate recent approaches to macroeconomic disequilibrium modeling based on the "smoothing by aggregation" principle. This leads to a reformulation of the basic Sneessens-Dreze type model by treating employment and working hours as separate inputs. The inclusion of nonwage labor costs serves a double purpose: first, they represent a restriction in the profit maximizing process and, second, they serve as a proxy for the fixity of labor. The results differ substantially from simulation studies that disregard the utilization of labor and the nonlinear structure of labor costs.