A Dream Deferred: The Microfoundations of Direct Political Action in Pre- and Post-democratisation South Africa
研究南非种族隔离结束前后民众抗议倾向的微观预测因素，发现反种族隔离斗争的政治意识有持久影响，收入与教育预期回报的差距比相对收入更能解释抗议倾向，种族的影响随时间减弱。
The stability of young democracies may be threatened by persistent protest as the economic legacies of the old autocratic regimes tend to outlive the defunct political structures. This paper seeks to explore the micro-level predictors of protest potential in South Africa before and after the end of apartheid. The results of the cohort analysis reveal that the political consciousness of the anti-apartheid struggle has a lasting effect. The gap between actual income and expected returns to education explains protest potential better than comparison of one's income with that of a reference group. The effect of race on protest potential has diminished over time.