Customer Discrimination and Employment Outcomes: Theory and Evidence from the French Labor Market
研究了非洲移民在法国失业率过高与其在接触顾客的工作中代表性不足之间的联系，构建模型并利用法国个体数据检验了雇主歧视和顾客歧视的存在。
The paper investigates the link between the over-exposure of African immigrants to unemployment in France and their under-representation in jobs in contact with customers. We build a two-sector matching model with ethnic sector-speci c preferences, economy-wide employer discrimination, and customer discrimination in jobs in contact with customers. The outcomes of the model allow us to build a test of ethnic discrimination in general and customer discrimination in particular. We run the test on French individual data in a cross-section of local labor markets (Employment Areas). Our results show that there is both employer and customer discrimination in the French labor market. JEL classi cation: J15, J61, R23