Unemployment and the real wage: the economic basis for contesting political ideologies
利用凯恩斯有效需求理论，通过重构IS曲线，展示了左翼社会民主党的合作资本主义、马克思的利润挤压模型以及保守派的供给侧刺激等不同意识形态模型如何统一于一个更一般的理论框架，并围绕失业与实际工资的关系展开论证。
Using the Keynesian theory of effective demand, this paper demonstrates how particular models, such as that of "cooperative capitalism" enunciated by the left Keynesian social democrats, the Marxian model of "profit squeeze" emphasizing distributive conflict, and even the conservative model relying on "supply side" stimulus, fit in as particular variants of a more general theoretical scheme through a reconstruction of the familiar IS schedule. The argument is weaved around the theme of the relations between unemployment and real wage in the context of both a closed and an open economy to explain the common macroeconomic basis of contesting ideologies. Copyright 1990 by Oxford University Press.