Principal Costs in Initial Public Offerings
研究首次公开募股中，大股东（委托人）之间因利益冲突而利用治理机制谋取私利，导致效率损失（即委托人成本）的现象。
abstract The initial public offering (IPO) of a new venture's stock often results in significant changes to the firm's ownership structure. Because firm owners (principals) often have heterogeneous interests, conflicts can arise among the principals. While governance mechanisms are often effective in limiting agency problems, we suggest that principals can also attempt to use governance mechanisms to their own advantage in IPO settings. Specifically, when principal–principal conflict exists, powerful principals may exert control via governance mechanisms to pursue their own interests in ways that create inefficiencies in the form of ‘principal costs’.