Geography and intra-national home bias: U.S. domestic trade in 1949 and 2007
利用1949年铁路货运数据和2007年商品流动调查数据，发现美国国内贸易的本土偏好程度在1949年远小于2007年，甚至部分商品为负，差异主要源于制造业地理分布的变化。
This article examines home bias in U.S. domestic trade in 1949 and 2007. We use a unique data set of 1949 carload waybill statistics produced by the Interstate Commerce Commission, and 2007 Commodity Flow Survey data. The results show that home bias was considerably smaller in 1949 than in 2007 and that home bias in 1949 was even negative for several commodities. We argue that the difference between the geographical distribution of the manufacturing activities in 1949 and that of 2007 is an important factor explaining the differences in the magnitudes of home-bias estimates in those years.