Culture, Ethnicity and Diversity
利用76国调查数据，发现种族身份能显著预测文化价值观，但群体内部的文化差异大于群体之间，因此种族多样性与文化多样性并不相关；然而，当种族与文化重叠度更高时，内战和公共品供给等政治经济结果会恶化。
We investigate the empirical relationship between ethnicity and culture, defined as a vector of traits reflecting norms, values, and attitudes. Using survey data for 76 countries, we find that ethnic identity is a significant predictor of cultural values, yet that within-group variation in culture trumps between-group variation. Thus, in contrast to a commonly held view, ethnic and cultural diversity are unrelated. Although only a small portion of a country's overall cultural heterogeneity occurs between groups, we find that various political economy outcomes (such as civil conflict and public goods provision) worsen when there is greater overlap between ethnicity and culture.