Output-Based Allocation of Emissions Permits for Mitigating Tax and Trade Interactions
研究了在税收和贸易扭曲下，不同碳排放配额分配方式（如基于产出的分配、历史排放分配等）对效率、福利和碳泄漏的影响，发现基于产出的分配能缓解税收交互效应，但不同分配规则对高污染和低能耗行业影响各异。
<i>The allocation of tradable emissions permits has important efficiency as well as distributional effects when tax and trade distortions are taken into account. We compare different rules for allocating carbon allowances within sectors (lump-sum grandfathering, output-based allocation (OBA), auctioning) and among sectors (historical emissions or value-added shares). The output subsidies implicit in OBA mitigate tax interactions, unlike grandfathering. OBA with sectoral distributions based on value added is similar to revenue recycling with auctioning. OBA based on historical emissions supports heavier polluters, more effectively counteracting carbon leakage, but at higher welfare costs. Less energy-intensive sectors are also sensitive to allocation rules.</i>