Farmland Retention Techniques: Property Rights Implications and Comparative Evaluation
构建了一个概念框架来区分农田保留制度，通过文献调查和访谈，将28种技术分为四类，并评估其财政影响、利益相关者接受度和实施挑战，强调选择多种技术时需注意产权分配以保持政策连贯性。
<i>A conceptual framework distinguishes farmland retention institutions and with a survey of various literatures, interviews, and original policy design, classifies 28 techniques in four types: regulatory, incentive-based, governmental-participatory, and hybrid. The analysis reveals that techniques often perceived to be incentive-based, such as PDR/PACE and TDR, are better understood as participatory and hybrid techniques, respectively. Likely fiscal impacts, stakeholder acceptability, and implementation challenges are assessed. The framework suggests that when governments select multiple techniques, attention should be paid to the implied allocation of property rights to maintain coherent land-use policy and minimize property rights conflicts.</i>